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Efficient CdTe Solar Cells with an Al Back Electrode Enabled by a Mo/Cr Interfacial Modification Layer.

Lei Liu1, Wenwu Wang1,2, Xin Zhang1

  • 1Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology & College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|March 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a molybdenum-chromium (Mo/Cr) layer to improve aluminum (Al) back electrodes in cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells. This cost-effective modification enhances efficiency and durability, offering a promising alternative to expensive gold contacts for thin-film photovoltaics.

Keywords:
AlCdTe solar cellMo/Cr interfacial modificationback electrodephotovoltaic performance

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Metallic aluminum (Al) is a cost-effective back electrode for cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells.
  • Its low work function limits performance and widespread application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the performance of Al back electrodes in CdTe solar cells.
  • To investigate the efficacy of a molybdenum-chromium (Mo/Cr) interfacial modification layer.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of CdTe solar cells with Al, Mo/Cr-modified Al, and gold (Au) electrodes.
  • Comparative analysis of electrical characteristics, interfacial transport, and device performance.
  • Evaluation of mechanical adhesion and wear resistance.

Main Results:

  • The Mo/Cr layer significantly improved interfacial transport and conductivity of Al electrodes.
  • Optimized devices with Mo/Cr-modified Al achieved 15.68% efficiency, nearing Au electrodes (15.88%) and surpassing bare Al (13.83%).
  • Mo/Cr-modified Al electrodes demonstrated superior mechanical adhesion and wear resistance.

Conclusions:

  • The Mo/Cr interfacial layer effectively overcomes the limitations of Al back electrodes in CdTe solar cells.
  • This low-cost, durable electrode architecture presents a viable alternative to noble metals for commercial thin-film solar technology.