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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems

Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems

Published on: June 30, 2020

Unprecedented Amazonian rainforests damage during the 2023-2024 droughts.

Hao Bai¹, Xiangzhuo Liu², Hui Yang³

¹Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Vegetation Structure, Function and Construction, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|March 23, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Amazonian rainforests experienced unprecedented 2023-2024 droughts, causing widespread forest moisture decline. Recovery is slow, with forests showing increased vulnerability to climate extremes.

Keywords:

Amazonian rainforests drought radar recovery

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Last Updated: Mar 25, 2026

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Published on: August 30, 2018

Area of Science:

* Ecology and Climate Science
* Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis
* Tropical Forest Dynamics

Background:

* Consecutive record-breaking droughts in the Amazon (2023-2024) with unquantified impacts.
* Previous major droughts (e.g., 2005) provide historical context for forest response.
* Increasing frequency of severe droughts (approx. every 7 years) challenges forest resilience.

Purpose of the Study:

* To quantify the impacts of recent Amazonian droughts on forest moisture and biomass.
* To analyze long-term forest responses to drought using satellite data.
* To project the recovery potential of affected Amazonian rainforest areas.

Main Methods:

* Utilized novel monthly radar satellite observations from 1992 to 2025.
* Tracked forest moisture and biomass dynamics to assess drought impacts.
* Employed Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) precipitation scenarios for recovery projections.

Main Results:

* A biome-wide sharp decline in radar signal observed during 2023-2024, the lowest since 1992.
* 26.8% of forests reached three-decade minima, primarily in eastern Amazonia, more than double the 2005 drought impact.
* Projections indicate less than 50% recovery within 7 years, with affected forests exhibiting traits favoring drought survival but indicating ecosystem stress.

Conclusions:

* Amazonian rainforests are increasingly vulnerable to intensifying climate extremes (El Niño, anthropogenic change).
* The frequency of severe droughts may prevent full recovery, pushing forests beyond their preindustrial operating limits.
* Forests with specific traits (low soil cations, high sand, low canopy height) show higher resilience but signal ecosystem shifts.