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Colors and Magnetism

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When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

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Published on: June 9, 2023

Multinuclear Mixed-Valent Co-Oxido Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, Magnetic, and Electrochemical Properties.

Surendar Karwasara¹, Xiang Ma¹, Hatem M A Amin¹

¹Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, Essen 45141, Germany.

Inorganic Chemistry

|March 23, 2026

Summary

Researchers synthesized novel mixed-valent cobalt-oxido clusters with up to 13 cobalt atoms. These clusters exhibit unique structural scaffolds and varying electrochemical and magnetic properties, offering insights into multinuclear coordination chemistry.

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Last Updated: Mar 25, 2026

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Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

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Published on: July 1, 2013

Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Coordination Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Multinuclear cobalt-oxido clusters are of interest for catalysis and magnetism.
Understanding the structural diversity and properties of these clusters is crucial for developing new functional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a series of novel mixed-valent cobalt-oxido clusters.
To investigate the structural evolution, electrochemical behavior, and magnetic properties of these clusters.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for structural characterization.
FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopy for electronic and vibrational analysis.
Cyclic voltammetry (CV) for electrochemical studies and temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements for magnetic properties.

Main Results:

Seven novel cobalt-oxido clusters with up to 13 cobalt atoms were synthesized and structurally elucidated.
The clusters feature diverse cobalt-oxido scaffolds (Co3O4, Co4O6, Co7O12, Na2Co8O18, Co10O16, Co13O24) stabilized by N-methyldiethanolamine (H2mdea).
Systematic structural variations were achieved through the addition of pseudocubane Co3O4 units and hydroxide ligands, influencing electrochemical and magnetic properties.

Conclusions:

The study presents a systematic approach to constructing complex cobalt-oxido clusters with tunable properties.
The characterized clusters provide a platform for exploring structure-property relationships in multinuclear coordination compounds.
These findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of cobalt-oxido cluster chemistry and their potential applications.