Advances in pharmacological treatment and management of hyperhidrosis

Hyperhidrosis is a functional disorder characterized by excessive sweat production beyond physiological needs for thermoregulation, significantly impairing quality of life, affecting physical comfort, psychological well-being, social interactions, and work productivity.

This review focuses on evidence-based therapeutic options for hyperhidrosis. Topical treatments (glycopyrronium bromide, glycopyrronium tosylate, aluminum salts), systemic therapy (oral oxybutynin), injectable approaches (botulinum toxin), iontophoresis, and surgical interventions (local excision, sympathectomy) are discussed in detail. Clinical studies demonstrate that topical and systemic agents are effective for localized and multisite forms, respectively, while botulinum toxin offers strong efficacy for focal hyperhidrosis. The review also addresses combination strategies, treatment tolerability, cost-effectiveness, and patient-centered approaches.

Managing hyperhidrosis requires a nuanced, individualized strategy that balances symptom control, safety, patient preferences, and quality of life. Combination therapies and flexible treatment sequencing can reduce early reliance on invasive procedures. Despite therapeutic advances, widespread adoption is limited by heterogeneous guidelines, off-label use, and under-recognition of psychosocial impact. Future research should focus on prospective, large-cohort studies, standardized outcome measures, and development of selective, well-tolerated therapies. While a universal cure is unlikely, sustained symptom control and meaningful improvement in quality of life represent realistic objectives.