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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

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In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

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Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

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In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
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Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
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Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies
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Interference in thyroid function tests using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.

Chisako Imamura, Eijun Nishihara, Shuji Fukata

    European Thyroid Journal
    |March 23, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Rare assay interferences in thyroid function tests can cause misdiagnosis. Free triiodothyronine (FT3) assays are most susceptible, highlighting the need for physician-laboratory collaboration to ensure accurate thyroid testing.

    Keywords:
    anti-T3 monoclonal antibodiesassay interferenceelectrochemiluminescence immunoassaymacro-thyroid-stimulating hormonethyroid function test

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    Area of Science:

    • Clinical Chemistry
    • Endocrinology
    • Laboratory Medicine

    Background:

    • Electrochemiluminescence immunoassays (ECLIAs) are standard for thyroid function testing.
    • Assay interferences, though rare, can lead to significant diagnostic errors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the frequency and types of assay interferences in thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3) measurements using the Roche ECLIA.
    • To assess the impact of these interferences on patient diagnosis and treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of 124,615 thyroid function tests conducted between 2019 and 2023.
    • Identification of suspected interferences based on clinical-laboratory discrepancies and method comparisons.
    • Validation of confirmed interference cases.

    Main Results:

    • 71 cases of confirmed assay interference were identified across TSH, FT4, and FT3 tests.
    • Free triiodothyronine (FT3) assays showed the highest interference rate (0.064%), primarily due to idiotype and anti-streptavidin antibodies.
    • Macro-TSH was observed in six cases, potentially leading to inappropriate levothyroxine treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • Free triiodothyronine (FT3) testing is most vulnerable to assay interference.
    • Recognizing hormonal imbalances is crucial for detecting interferences, often before clinical symptoms appear.
    • Enhanced awareness of interference patterns and strong physician-laboratory communication are vital for accurate thyroid function testing and preventing misdiagnosis.