Preoperative transrectal three-dimensional ultrasound improves complex anal fistula diagnosis and surgical outcomes

BackgroundTo explore the clinical value of preoperative transrectal three-dimensional ultrasound in diagnosing the internal opening and classifying complex anal fistulas, and to evaluate its impact on surgical efficacy.MethodsA total of 42 patients with complex anal fistulas were divided into an observation group and a control group. The control group underwent conventional transrectal ultrasound examination, while the observation group underwent three-dimensional transrectal ultrasound examination. Perioperative data were recorded and compared between the two groups.ResultsThe observation group showed significantly higher diagnostic accuracy (p = 0.014) and a higher cure rate (66.67% vs. 42.86%) than the control group. Anal sphincter function improved postoperatively in both groups, with the observation group achieving superior outcomes at 6 months. The observation group also demonstrated lower Wexner incontinence scores (p = 0.015), shorter hospitalization and wound healing times, and higher SF-36 scores in bodily pain, general health, and health transition domains. However, postoperative complication rates and 6-month recurrence rates were similar between the two groups.ConclusionPreoperative transrectal three-dimensional ultrasound can accurately identify the internal opening and fistula tract of complex anal fistulas, which is beneficial for improving treatment efficacy.