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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

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Cortical gradient compression links cognition and transcriptomic signatures in primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Yuanyuan Wang1,2,3, Xiao Liang1,2,3, Chen Yang1,2,3

  • 1Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.

Communications Biology
|March 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Primary angle-closure glaucoma disrupts the brain's cortical organization, particularly affecting visual and cognitive functions. This study reveals how these changes impact brain networks and may lead to cognitive decline.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The cerebral cortex has hierarchical functional gradients integrating sensory and cognitive processes.
  • It remains unclear if primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) disrupts these gradients and causes cognitive impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cortical functional gradient alterations in PACG patients.
  • To explore the association between these alterations and cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was used to analyze brain activity.
  • Transcriptomic analyses identified associated molecular pathways.

Main Results:

  • PACG patients showed compressed and reorganized cortical gradients, especially in visual and default mode networks.
  • These cortical changes correlated with poorer visual performance and cognitive decline.
  • Genes linked to gradient disruption were enriched in synaptic signaling, neurodevelopment, and astrocyte pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Primary angle-closure glaucoma leads to cortical hierarchical remodeling.
  • This remodeling and its molecular underpinnings offer insights into the neural basis of cognitive impairment in PACG.