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High-resolution Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Human Subcortex In Vivo and Postmortem
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Visualizing cortical laminar architecture in the living human brain using next-generation ultra-high-gradient

Hansol Lee1,2,3, Yixin Ma1,2, Kwok-Shing Chan1,2

  • 1Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.

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Summary

High-performance MRI can now map the human brain's cortical layers noninvasively. This soma and neurite density imaging (SANDI) technique reveals detailed microstructural organization, mirroring histological findings.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Human Brain Anatomy
  • Advanced MRI Techniques

Background:

  • Understanding the human brain's layered structure (cortical laminar cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture) is crucial.
  • Current methods often rely on invasive histological analysis, limiting in vivo studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize in vivo cortical laminar microstructure using advanced diffusion MRI.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of noninvasive mapping of the brain's laminar architecture.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a next-generation Connectome MRI scanner with high gradient strength and slew rate.
  • Applied soma and neurite density imaging (SANDI) metrics derived from 1 mm diffusion MRI.
  • Performed cortical depth-dependent analyses to assess laminar profiles.

Main Results:

  • SANDI revealed distinct laminar profiles matching known histological patterns, with intra-soma signal fraction peaking at ~55% cortical depth.
  • Visual cortex showed higher intra-soma signal fraction than motor cortex in deeper layers.
  • Correlations between intra-soma signal fraction and cortical curvature were layer-specific.

Conclusions:

  • Noninvasive mapping of cortical laminar architecture is feasible using high-performance gradient MRI.
  • SANDI provides a potential in vivo surrogate for histological analysis of brain microstructure.
  • This technique enables future studies on cortical laminar organization.