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Updated: Mar 25, 2026

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform
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Arenarine D Promotes Pancreatic β Cell Proliferation Via DYRK1A Inhibition for T1DM Therapy

Chen Wang1, Qing Huang1, Shuo Gao1

  • 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.

Chemistry & Biodiversity
|March 24, 2026
PubMed

Insights

A novel compound, Arenarine D, was discovered to promote pancreatic beta cell regeneration. This finding offers a promising new avenue for treating type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) by stimulating endogenous repair mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 1 and advanced type 2, is characterized by the loss of functional pancreatic beta cells.
  • Endogenous regeneration of beta cells is a key therapeutic strategy for diabetes.
  • Identifying novel compounds that stimulate beta cell proliferation is crucial for developing new treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel compounds that promote pancreatic beta cell regeneration.
  • To investigate the therapeutic potential of Arenarine D in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus *Ajuga decumbens* Thunb using a zebrafish model.
  • Administration of Arenarine D to a low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mouse model.
  • Assessment of blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, and beta cell proliferation.

Main Results:

  • Arenarine D was identified as a promoter of beta cell regeneration.
  • Treatment with Arenarine D lowered blood glucose and improved insulin resistance in a T1DM mouse model.
  • Arenarine D was found to promote mouse beta cell proliferation by inhibiting DYRK1A, leading to the replication of existing beta cells.

Conclusions:

  • Arenarine D demonstrates significant potential for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
  • The mechanism involves the direct promotion of pancreatic beta cell proliferation via DYRK1A inhibition.
  • This study is the first to report Arenarine D's ability to promote beta cell proliferation through this specific pathway.
Keywords:
T1DMarenarine Ddiabetesβ cell proliferation

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