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Evaluation of spectacle independence with the Dutch Patient-Reported Spectacle Independence Questionnaire
Nicolaas J Reus1, Fallon van Dorst, Marjolein J C Kooijman-de Groot
1From the Department of Ophthalmology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands (Reus, van Dorst, Kooijman-de Groot, Weenen, Porro); Health Services Research, Acumen Health Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Morlock); University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Pesudovs).
Purpose:
To evaluate spectacle independence in healthy individuals and cataract patients with different types of intraocular lenses (IOLs) and refractive targets using a Dutch translation of The Patient-Reported Spectacle Independence Questionnaire (PRSIQ). The PRSIQ is a patient-reported outcome measure that assesses patient need for, wearing of, and functioning without spectacles for distance, intermediate, and near vision.
Setting:
Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands.
Design:
Prospective, observational, cross-sectional, single-center study.
Methods:
The English questionnaire was translated to Dutch following the ISPOR guidelines. 361 participants across various groups were included: healthy individuals aged younger than and older than 50 years and cataract patients with bilateral implantation of monofocal, enhanced monofocal, toric monofocal, monofocal with a myopic target, extended depth-of-focus (EDOF), or trifocal IOLs.
Results:
Dichotomous scoring showed significantly different rates of complete spectacle independence: 28 of 49 (57%) for trifocals, 8 of 47 (17%) for EDOFs, 2 of 44 (5%) for monofocals, 1 of 50 (2%) for enhanced monofocals, 0 of 25 (0%) for toric monofocals, 1 of 46 (2%) for myopic targets, and 10 of 50 (20%) and 1 of 50 (2%) for healthy participants younger than and older than 50 years. Participants with minimal refractive errors reported complete spectacle independence in 20 of 28 (71%) with trifocals and 5 of 21 (24%) with EDOF IOLs. Rasch analysis showed that the questionnaire was multidimensional and thus failed to support interval scaling.
Conclusions:
The Dutch PRSIQ-NL demonstrated significant differences in self-reported complete spectacle independence across IOL types and refractive targets using dichotomous scoring. Rasch analysis showed PRSIQ-NL cannot be used for interval-scaled measurements. The PRSIQ-NL is valuable for clinical and research applications to evaluate spectacle independence using dichotomous scoring.
