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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

80
Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction
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Electride-Induced Electronic Modulation of Ruthenium Catalyst for Highly Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution.

Zhiqi Wang1,2, Jianan Su1,2, Cheng Li1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|March 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel electride-supported Ruthenium catalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution. This new catalyst demonstrates excellent performance and stability, paving the way for advanced electrocatalyst design.

Keywords:
electrideselectronic structure engineeringhydrogen evolution reactionruthenium electrocatalyst

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Simple Methods for the Preparation of Non-noble Metal Bulk-electrodes for Electrocatalytic Applications
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Electrides, materials with localized electrons acting as anions, show promise for catalysis.
  • Their application as supports for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts is limited by reactivity in aqueous environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a stable electride-supported HER catalyst with high performance.
  • To investigate the mechanism of HER on electride-supported catalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Rational design of Ruthenium (Ru) supported on Nd2ScSi2 electride.
  • Electrochemical testing in 1.0 m KOH.
  • In situ spectroscopic analyses and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Main Results:

  • The Ru/Nd2ScSi2 catalyst achieved an overpotential of 48 mV at -10 mA cm-2 for HER.
  • Demonstrated excellent long-term stability.
  • Mechanistic studies revealed anionic Ru species on the electride surface are key to HER activity.

Conclusions:

  • Electride supports can effectively modulate supported metal catalysts for enhanced HER.
  • Anionic Ru sites facilitate water dissociation and tune hydrogen adsorption.
  • This work presents a new strategy for designing high-efficiency HER electrocatalysts via electronic structure engineering.