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Beta Blocker Intoxications in Belgium: A Data Analysis with Focus on Propranolol
Brechje van den Boogaard1, Maria van de Lavoir1, Rani Robeyns1
1Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 24, 2026
Summary
Beta blocker poisoning, particularly propranolol, is a significant concern, especially in younger women with comorbidities. Propranolol is overrepresented in overdoses, often with other psychoactive drugs, necessitating increased awareness and monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Toxicology
- Public Health
Background:
- Beta blocker poisoning is under-recognized despite widespread use in cardiac and neuropsychiatric conditions.
- Discrepancies exist between beta blocker usage rates and their prevalence in poisoning incidents.
- This study investigates beta blocker intoxication patterns in Belgium, with a focus on propranolol.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize beta blocker intoxication patterns in Belgium.
- To identify demographic and clinical factors associated with beta blocker poisonings.
- To compare the toxicological profile of propranolol with other beta blockers.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of Belgian prescription data.
- Review of poison centre reports.
- Examination of European Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) databases.
Main Results:
- Propranolol was significantly overrepresented in poisonings compared to its prescription frequency.
- Self-harm overdoses predominantly involved propranolol, particularly in women and younger individuals with comorbidities.
- Propranolol was frequently co-exposed with other psychoactive substances, leading to complex intoxication patterns.
Conclusions:
- Propranolol exhibits a unique toxicological profile, disproportionately contributing to intoxications.
- Vulnerable populations, including those with psychiatric or cardiovascular conditions, are at higher risk.
- Findings underscore the need for enhanced awareness, targeted prevention strategies, and vigilant monitoring for propranolol-related poisonings.
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