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Mandibular Movement During Swallowing in Patients with Tinnitus: An Instrumented Case-Control Study.

Henri Albert Didier1,2, Federica Di Berardino3,4, Giorgio Lilli4

  • 1Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via della Commenda 10, 20122 Milan, Italy.

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|March 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adults with tinnitus show prolonged opening/closing time (OCT) and post-closure stabilization time (STT) during swallowing, with a higher prevalence of tongue thrust (TT) and Eustachian-tube insufficiency (TI). TT specifically impacts OCT in tinnitus patients.

Keywords:
kinesiographyswallowingtinnitustongue thrusttubal insufficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Tinnitus, a phantom auditory perception, is often associated with neurological and physiological changes.
  • Swallowing kinematics and associated oral motor behaviors like tongue thrust and Eustachian tube function have not been extensively studied in tinnitus populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in phase-specific mandibular kinematics during saliva swallowing between adults with tinnitus and controls.
  • To determine the prevalence of tongue thrust (TT) and Eustachian-tube insufficiency (TI) in adults with tinnitus compared to controls.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional case-control study involving adults with tinnitus and age/sex-matched controls.
  • Computerized kinesiography recorded mandibular kinematics (opening/closing time [OCT], post-closure stabilization time [STT], total swallowing time [SWT]).
  • Clinical assessments evaluated tongue thrust (TT) and tubal insufficiency (TI); statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U, Fisher's exact tests, and multivariable models.

Main Results:

  • Tinnitus cases exhibited significantly longer OCT and STT compared to controls (p < 0.001 for both).
  • The prevalence of TT (18.2% vs 6.4%, p=0.029) and TI (16.9% vs 0%, p<0.001) was significantly higher in tinnitus cases.
  • Tongue thrust in tinnitus patients was strongly associated with prolonged OCT (p < 0.001), while TI did not significantly affect swallowing kinematics.

Conclusions:

  • Adults with tinnitus display altered swallowing patterns, characterized by prolonged mandibular kinematic phases (OCT, STT) and increased TT and TI.
  • Tongue thrust is a key factor contributing to prolonged opening/closing time in tinnitus patients.
  • These findings suggest a distinct 'swallowing signature' associated with tinnitus, potentially linked to underlying neurological or musculoskeletal factors.