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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:23

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Short and Long Non-Coding RNAs in Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Monia Cecati1, Valentina Pozzi2, Valentina Schiavoni2

  • 1Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma University, 00166 Rome, Italy.

Non-Coding RNA
|March 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key regulators in kidney cancer (RCC), driving tumor growth and therapy resistance. Understanding these ncRNA mechanisms offers new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies for renal cell carcinoma.

Keywords:
circRNAslncRNAsmiRNAsrenal cell carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a prevalent kidney cancer with poor outcomes due to late detection and treatment resistance.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are increasingly recognized as critical players in RCC.
  • Dysregulation of ncRNAs influences RCC initiation, progression, metastasis, and response to therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanistic roles of ncRNAs in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance.
  • To highlight the dual functions of ncRNAs as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in RCC.
  • To discuss the potential of ncRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets in RCC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on mechanistic studies of ncRNAs in RCC.
  • Analysis of ncRNA involvement in key cancer pathways: proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, immune evasion, metabolic reprogramming, and ferroptosis.
  • Examination of ncRNA-mediated resistance to targeted therapies and intercellular communication via extracellular vesicles.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs actively modulate RCC behavior, acting as oncogenic drivers or tumor suppressors.
  • Specific ncRNA regulatory axes control ferroptosis, autophagy, metabolism, and immune escape in RCC.
  • ncRNAs contribute to targeted therapy resistance through various mechanisms, including sponging and extracellular vesicle transfer.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs are pivotal in RCC tumorigenesis, progression, and drug resistance.
  • ncRNA signatures show promise for RCC diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Targeting ncRNAs presents novel therapeutic avenues for enhancing drug sensitivity and patient stratification in renal cell carcinoma.