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Short and Long Non-Coding RNAs in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Monia Cecati1, Valentina Pozzi2, Valentina Schiavoni2
1Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma University, 00166 Rome, Italy.
Non-Coding RNA
|March 24, 2026
Summary
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key regulators in kidney cancer (RCC), driving tumor growth and therapy resistance. Understanding these ncRNA mechanisms offers new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies for renal cell carcinoma.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a prevalent kidney cancer with poor outcomes due to late detection and treatment resistance.
- Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are increasingly recognized as critical players in RCC.
- Dysregulation of ncRNAs influences RCC initiation, progression, metastasis, and response to therapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanistic roles of ncRNAs in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance.
- To highlight the dual functions of ncRNAs as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in RCC.
- To discuss the potential of ncRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets in RCC.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on mechanistic studies of ncRNAs in RCC.
- Analysis of ncRNA involvement in key cancer pathways: proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, immune evasion, metabolic reprogramming, and ferroptosis.
- Examination of ncRNA-mediated resistance to targeted therapies and intercellular communication via extracellular vesicles.
Main Results:
- ncRNAs actively modulate RCC behavior, acting as oncogenic drivers or tumor suppressors.
- Specific ncRNA regulatory axes control ferroptosis, autophagy, metabolism, and immune escape in RCC.
- ncRNAs contribute to targeted therapy resistance through various mechanisms, including sponging and extracellular vesicle transfer.
Conclusions:
- ncRNAs are pivotal in RCC tumorigenesis, progression, and drug resistance.
- ncRNA signatures show promise for RCC diagnosis and prognosis.
- Targeting ncRNAs presents novel therapeutic avenues for enhancing drug sensitivity and patient stratification in renal cell carcinoma.
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