Cadaver embalming with the formaldehyde intraosseous injection: a technical note.

Area of Science:

• Anatomical embalming techniques
• Medical device applications in anatomy

Background:

• Conventional arterial cannulation for embalming presents challenges with diseased or damaged vessels.
• Intraosseous (IO) vascular access, established in emergency medicine, offers a reliable alternative route.
• This study introduces and evaluates a novel IO embalming protocol for human cadavers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe a simple intraosseous (IO) embalming protocol.
• To assess the feasibility and performance of IO embalming in human cadavers.
• To present IO injection as a minimally invasive alternative to arterial cannulation.

Main Methods:

• IO access was achieved using bone-marrow needles in various skeletal sites (tibia, femur, sternum, iliac crest).
• Standard formaldehyde-based embalming solution was infused via a low-pressure pump.
• Outcomes were evaluated qualitatively for perfusion, fixation, tissue handling, and leakage.

Main Results:

• IO access proved rapid and reliable, eliminating the need for arterial dissection.
• The proximal tibia offered ease of insertion, while the iliac crest facilitated broad diffusion.
• All embalmed cadavers showed suitable firmness, coloration, and structural integrity for anatomical study.

Conclusions:

• Intraosseous injection is a practical, minimally invasive method for cadaver embalming.
• This technique simplifies procedures and minimizes biological fluid exposure.
• Adequate fixation is achieved for anatomical teaching and research purposes.