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The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Transthoracic Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation
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Changes in Left and Right Ventricular Longitudinal Strain During Normal Pregnancy.

Judy Rizk1, Alaa Elsabbagh1, Gihan Magdy1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)
|March 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Cardiovascular changes during pregnancy show that left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) longitudinal strain (LS) significantly decrease by the third trimester. This suggests trimester-specific reference ranges for LS may be necessary.

Keywords:
left ventricular global longitudinal strainpregnancyright ventricular free wall longitudinal strainspeckle tracking echocardiography

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Last Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Transthoracic Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation
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Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
06:34

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

4.8K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Echocardiography

Background:

  • Pregnancy induces significant physiological cardiovascular adaptations.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for monitoring maternal and fetal health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize normal gestational changes in left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) longitudinal strain (LS).

Main Methods:

  • Prospective longitudinal study of 60 healthy pregnant women.
  • Echocardiography performed in the second (16-20 weeks) and third (32-36 weeks) trimesters.
  • Exclusion of participants with medical conditions, cardiovascular risk factors, or pregnancy complications.

Main Results:

  • Left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes increased significantly (p < 0.001).
  • Right ventricular basal diameter increased significantly (p < 0.001).
  • Absolute values of LV global LS decreased by 11% (p < 0.001), and RV free wall LS decreased by 14% (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) longitudinal strain (LS) significantly decrease during normal pregnancy.
  • Gestational changes in LV and RV LS suggest the need for trimester-specific reference ranges.