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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps01:19

Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps

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The pre-procedure steps of handwashing include removing jewelry and rolling up sleeves. However, many organizations allow staff to wear wedding rings.
The hand washing procedure itself includes the following steps. First, cover cuts, if any, on hands with a waterproof dressing. Cuts and abrasions can become contaminated with bacteria hindering the ability to clean the area thoroughly. In addition, repeated hand washing can worsen an injury.  The nails must be short and clean, without nail...
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Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
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Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps01:15

Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps

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To wash hands properly, follow these steps:
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Development of a Novel Internal Fixation Model for Rat Radial Fractures: Fracture Healing Assessment and Dorsal Root Ganglion Isolation
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Identifying Risk Factors for the Development of Infection Following Open Fracture of the Hand.

V V N Manohar Devarasetty1, Sakshi Krishna1, Mariam Saad1

  • 1From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.

Annals of Plastic Surgery
|March 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Infection risk in open hand fractures is linked to fracture severity and contamination. Gustilo-Anderson Class II and III fractures significantly increase infection risk, emphasizing the importance of wound assessment in treatment.

Keywords:
acuteantibioticscontaminationdelayedemergency departmentfracturehandhardwareidentifyinfectionmetacarpalsopenopen hand fractureorthopedic surgeryphalanxplastic surgeryrisk factortendon injury

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Infectious Disease
  • Trauma Care

Background:

  • Open hand fractures carry a high risk of infection, potentially leading to poor outcomes.
  • Infection following open hand fractures can significantly impair patient recovery and long-term hand function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key factors associated with infection development in open hand fractures.
  • To analyze the impact of fracture severity, contamination, and patient-related factors on infection rates.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 663 cases of open hand fractures.
  • Statistical evaluation to determine risk factors for post-fracture infection.

Main Results:

  • The overall infection rate was 9.5%.
  • Gustilo-Anderson Class II and III fractures were significantly associated with increased infection risk (P < 0.001).
  • Gross wound contamination was also a significant predictor of infection (P = 0.004).

Conclusions:

  • Fracture severity and the degree of wound contamination are critical determinants of infection risk in open hand fractures.
  • Factors such as sex, age, comorbidities, management strategy, and prophylactic antibiotics did not show significant associations with infection in this cohort.