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    Area of Science:

    • Computer Graphics
    • Computational Fluid Dynamics
    • Rheology

    Background:

    • Existing single-phase fluid simulation methods achieve high visual fidelity.
    • Multiphase simulations struggle with complex phase interactions, especially with high viscosity ratios or viscoelastic fluids.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Develop a unified multiphase viscoelastic formulation.
    • Handle diverse fluid types (Newtonian, non-Newtonian, viscoelastic) within a single framework.

    Main Methods:

    • Extended mixture-model approaches with multi-mode conformation tensor representation.
    • Incorporated phase-level stress corrections for enhanced numerical stability.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved improved momentum-mass consistency and numerical stability.
    • Maintained physically plausible results across wide viscosity ranges.
    • Successfully captured a broad spectrum of rheological behaviors.

    Conclusions:

    • The unified framework advances the state of the art in multiphase viscoelastic fluid simulation.
    • Offers a more robust and versatile solution for complex fluid dynamics modeling.