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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Human stem cell-based embryo models: innovation, ethics, and policy.

Alfonso Martinez Arias1, Nicolas Rivron2, Shahragim Tajbakhsh3

  • 1Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) and MELIS Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.

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Summary

This white paper proposes a framework for stem cell-based embryo models (SCBEMs) research and regulation. SCBEMs offer insights into early human development and potential solutions for global health issues.

Keywords:
in vitro fertilizationSCBEMsblastocystembryogenesisethicsgametesgastrulationhuman embryosimplantationpluripotent stem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Bioethics

Background:

  • Stem cell-based embryo models (SCBEMs) are derived from pluripotent stem cells to mimic early human development.
  • These models offer unprecedented opportunities to study embryonic development, implantation, and related health conditions.
  • SCBEMs are not human embryos but provide a tractable system for large-scale analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a foundational framework for research, technological development, and regulation of SCBEMs.
  • To guide scientific inquiry and address the ethical and legal considerations surrounding SCBEMs.
  • To summarize the current state of SCBEM science and its future applications.

Main Methods:

  • Consensus-building among a core group of researchers at the Institut Pasteur.
  • Elaboration of a document representing the views of an extended research group.
  • Review of the state of science, current research, and future applications of SCBEMs.

Main Results:

  • A proposed framework for guiding research and development in SCBEMs.
  • Assessment of SCBEMs' potential in reproductive biology and regenerative medicine.
  • Identification of critical ethical and regulatory oversight needs.

Conclusions:

  • SCBEMs hold significant promise for understanding early development and addressing global health challenges.
  • Continued ethical and regulatory oversight is essential for responsible advancement in SCBEM research.
  • The proposed framework aims to foster responsible innovation in this rapidly evolving field.