Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field on Oral Mucosal Wound Healing

The craniofacial complex and oral cavity play essential roles in various functions related to daily life. The oral mucosa acts as a barrier against infections and environmental threats, with oral diseases negatively impacting daily activities and quality of life. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have been utilized for various treatments, including delayed fracture healing and skin wounds. However, their effects on oral mucosal wounds remain understudied.

In this study, 32 male Wistar-Albino rats were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 (Wound 4 d), Group 2 (Wound 7 d), Group 3 (Wound+PEMF 4 d), and Group 4 (Wound+PEMF 7 d). Full-thickness wounds were created on the palatal mucosa, with PEMF applied twice daily for 60 minutes in the treated groups. Wound healing was assessed macroscopically and histopathologically, alongside genetic and immunohistochemical examinations.

Results indicated that PEMF-treated groups experienced significantly improved wound healing compared with control groups. The wound area reduced notably, with histopathologic analysis showing enhanced epithelialization and granulation tissue formation. Inflammatory cell infiltration was lower in PEMF-treated groups. Genetic analysis revealed increased growth factor expressions and decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in these groups.

The study concludes that PEMF significantly enhances oral mucosal wound healing by reducing inflammation, promoting epithelialization, and increasing growth factor expressions. These results suggest PEMF as a promising adjunctive therapy for oral wound healing. Further research is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms and validate these findings in clinical settings.