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Related Concept Videos

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Updated: Mar 27, 2026

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Three-Dimensional Geometry of the Normal Scapula: A Software Analysis.

Jean-David Werthel1, Gilles Walch2, Marc-Olivier Gauci3,4

  • 1Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
|March 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Healthy scapular morphology varies with age, with younger individuals showing shapes linked to shoulder pathologies. This study provides a 3D reference for scapular anatomy and its relation to instability and osteoarthritis.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Radiology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Scapular morphology variations may predispose individuals to shoulder pathologies.
  • A comprehensive 3D analysis of healthy scapular anatomy is needed.
  • Investigating age-related differences and pathological associations is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive 3D analysis of scapular anatomy in a healthy population.
  • To investigate potential age-related differences in scapular morphology.
  • To assess associations between scapular morphology and pathological thresholds.

Main Methods:

  • Computed tomography scans of 369 healthy scapulae (age ≥18) were analyzed.
  • Key parameters measured: glenoid version, acromial coverage, posterior acromial height, coracoid angles, scapular spine angle.
  • Scapulae from individuals <60 years were compared to those ≥60 years.

Main Results:

  • Significant age-related differences in scapular morphology were observed (p < 0.05).
  • Younger individuals (<60) exhibited morphologies closer to pathological descriptions.
  • A small percentage of healthy scapulae exceeded thresholds for instability and osteoarthritis.

Conclusions:

  • This study offers a 3D reference for healthy scapular morphology.
  • Specific variations predispose individuals to pathologies, with younger subjects showing higher risk.
  • Individuals over 60 likely represent a truly healthy scapular anatomy cohort.