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Does hypercholesterolemia worsen cognitive decline in arterial hypertension? Insights from clinical and experimental

Andressa Betat1, Viviane Dos Santos1, Cláudio Gabriel Aguiar de Oliveira1

  • 1Department of Physiological Sciences.

Journal of Hypertension
|March 24, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Hypercholesterolemia does not worsen cognitive decline in hypertensive rats or patients. Antihypertensive treatments may not prevent hypertension-related cognitive impairment without strict blood pressure control.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Arterial hypertension is associated with cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease.
  • Elevated serum cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) may correlate with cognitive impairment.
  • The combined effect of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia on cognition is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if hypercholesterolemia exacerbates cognitive decline in hypertensive rats.
  • To determine if hypercholesterolemia impacts cognitive function in hypertensive patients.

Main Methods:

  • Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia were tested for memory.
  • Hypertensive patients underwent cognitive assessments using MMSE and MoCA.
  • Cognitive scores were analyzed in relation to hypercholesterolemia and medication use.

Main Results:

  • Hypercholesterolemia did not affect cognitive performance in SHR.
  • Antihypertensive treatment in SHR reduced blood pressure but did not improve cognition.
  • Most hypertensive patients showed cognitive impairment, with no significant difference between those with or without hypercholesterolemia.

Conclusions:

  • Hypercholesterolemia does not appear to worsen cognitive impairment in hypertension.
  • Antihypertensive therapy alone may be insufficient to prevent cognitive decline in hypertension without strict blood pressure control.
Abstract

Keywords:
blood pressurecholesterolcognition.memory

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