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Artificial intelligence-enhanced virtual reality for pathology education
Zaid H Khoury1, Gerald E Davis2, Ahmed S Sultan3
1Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA; Eli5a Technologies, Geneva, Switzerland.
Annals of Diagnostic Pathology
|March 24, 2026
Summary
Innovative virtual reality (VR) learning environments can improve pathology education by enhancing student engagement and knowledge retention. This study explores a VR room architecture to bridge the visualization gap in pathology training.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Virtual Reality
- Pathology
Background:
- Active learning pedagogies enhance student engagement and information retention over passive learning.
- Extended Reality (XR) technologies like VR, AR, and MR show potential for immersive learning but are underexplored in pathology.
- Pathology education requires linking microscopic findings with clinical and radiographic data, benefiting from spatial visualization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore an innovative virtual reality (VR) room architecture for pathology education.
- To provide an immersive and vivid learning environment for pathology residents and dental/medical students.
- To address the gap in applying XR technologies in pathology training.
Main Methods:
- Development of an innovative VR room architecture.
- Tailoring the immersive environment for specific learner groups (first-year pathology residents, predoctoral dental and medical students).
Main Results:
- The VR room architecture provides a vivid and immersive learning environment.
- Potential to enhance engagement and knowledge retention in pathology education.
Conclusions:
- VR offers a promising solution to improve visualization and integration of multi-dimensional disease facets in pathology.
- The developed VR architecture can enhance the learning experience for future medical professionals.

