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Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

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Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
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Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

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Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

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The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible...
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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Assays for the Identification of Novel Antivirals against Bluetongue Virus
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Assays for the Identification of Novel Antivirals against Bluetongue Virus

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Can artificial intelligence transform antiviral drug discovery?

Irina Tirosyan1, Yeva Gabrielyan1, Vahe Petrosyan1

  • 1Denovo Sciences, Verin Antarayin, 138/2, Yerevan 0009, Armenia.

Drug Discovery Today
|March 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Artificial intelligence (AI) accelerates antiviral drug discovery by optimizing target identification, repurposing drugs, designing novel molecules, and predicting resistance. This review highlights AI

Keywords:
Artificial intelligenceDe novo designantiviral drug discoveryantiviral target identificationdrug repurposing

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 27, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Computational biology and pharmacology
  • Infectious disease research
  • Drug development and discovery

Background:

  • Antiviral therapy development faces challenges of high costs and long timelines, hindering rapid response to viral outbreaks.
  • Artificial intelligence (AI) shows promise in accelerating the identification and optimization of antiviral drug candidates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of AI in key domains of antiviral drug discovery.
  • To assess the current state and limitations of AI in developing new antiviral therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in silico and validated studies on AI applications in antiviral research.
  • Analysis of AI in target identification (host-virus interactions, CRISPR screens).
  • Examination of AI in drug repurposing, de novo molecule design, and resistance prediction.

Main Results:

  • AI demonstrates significant progress in identifying therapeutic targets and optimizing candidates.
  • Generative AI facilitates de novo molecule design, while machine learning aids in target identification and resistance prediction.
  • The review covers AI applications in drug repurposing and predicting resistance mutations and their phenotypic effects.

Conclusions:

  • AI offers powerful tools to overcome limitations in traditional antiviral drug development.
  • Further in vitro and in vivo validation is crucial to translate AI-driven discoveries into effective therapies.
  • Addressing common challenges and limitations is essential for advancing AI in antiviral research.