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Microcracking in Concrete

Microcracking in Concrete

Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...

Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...

Tensile Strength Considerations of Concrete

Tensile Strength Considerations of Concrete

Considering the tensile strength of concrete involves recognizing that the theoretical strength of cement paste can be up to a thousand times higher than what is observed in practical applications. This significant discrepancy is largely attributed to the presence of microscopic cracks within the concrete. These cracks tend to amplify stress at their tips when a load is applied, a phenomenon explained by Griffith's theory of brittle fracture.
The dimensions and shape of a concrete specimen...

Types of Non-structural Cracks in Concrete

Types of Non-structural Cracks in Concrete

Non-structural cracks are primarily of three types: plastic, early-age thermal, and drying shrinkage cracks. Plastic cracks are further classified into plastic shrinkage cracks and plastic settlement cracks.
Plastic shrinkage cracks typically form within hours after the concrete is poured. The concrete's surface dries faster than the bottom, creating tensile stress that the still-plastic concrete cannot withstand, leading to diagonal or randomly patterned cracks on the concrete surface.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

Published on: December 20, 2024

When to restore: Critical crack-size thresholds in human first premolars.

Sorapon Na Lampang¹, Phetcharat Dhammayannarangsi², Trongporn Areechon³

¹Postgraduate Student, Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Graduate School, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.

The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry

|March 24, 2026

Summary

Tooth crack depth significantly reduces strength, guiding restorative decisions. Critical crack sizes are identified for intervention, with depth being the primary factor influencing tooth fracture.

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Published on: April 26, 2024

Area of Science:

Dental biomechanics
Tooth fracture analysis
Clinical dentistry

Background:

Cracked teeth pose a clinical challenge, lacking clear treatment guidelines for asymptomatic early-stage cracks.
Uncertainty exists regarding critical crack dimensions that compromise tooth integrity, hindering decisions between monitoring and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the impact of crack depth and width on human premolar strength and stress distribution.
To establish critical crack size thresholds for guiding clinical treatment decisions.

Main Methods:

Experimental compression tests on human first premolars with varying crack depths and widths.
Finite element analysis (FEA) to simulate stress distribution and validate experimental findings.
Statistical analysis (ANOVA, regression) to assess the influence of crack dimensions on ultimate strength.

Main Results:

Crack depth was the dominant factor in reducing tooth strength; width was less significant at greater depths.
Fractures predominantly initiated at crack tips (91%), unlike in sound teeth.
The von Mises stress criterion accurately predicted cracked tooth behavior; critical thresholds for strength reduction were identified.

Conclusions:

Increasing crack size, particularly depth, significantly compromises tooth strength.
The von Mises stress theory is recommended for analyzing cracked teeth.
Identified critical crack sizes offer actionable thresholds for timely restorative intervention.