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Dynamic brain connectivity patterns induced by oxytocin: An fMRI Co-Activation pattern analysis study.

Benjamin Klugah-Brown1, Yuan Li2, Hao Wu2

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Oxytocin (OT) enhances brain network flexibility and switching in young adults, while promoting sustained engagement with emotion networks in older adults. This suggests OT

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide involved in emotional regulation and social cognition.
  • The impact of oxytocin on dynamic brain connectivity, particularly across different age groups, is not well understood.
  • Understanding how oxytocin influences brain network dynamics is crucial for its therapeutic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how intranasal oxytocin (OT) modulates whole-brain functional dynamics using co-activation pattern (CAP) analysis.
  • To examine age-specific effects of oxytocin on brain connectivity and its relationship with cognitive performance.
  • To explore the role of OT in supporting cognitive functions, especially in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected from healthy young and older adults.
  • Co-activation pattern (CAP) analysis was employed to assess dynamic changes in brain connectivity.
  • Participants received either intranasal oxytocin or a placebo, with analyses conducted at group and subgroup levels.

Main Results:

  • Oxytocin significantly altered temporal properties of brain states, increasing network flexibility and switching, particularly in young adults.
  • OT modulated brain states involving the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and salience network, regions associated with emotion regulation.
  • Older adults showed sustained engagement with emotion-related states, and this engagement correlated with cognitive performance (Digit Symbol Substitution Test), suggesting a compensatory role of OT.

Conclusions:

  • Oxytocin shapes transient brain dynamics in an age- and function-specific manner.
  • The findings highlight differential sensitivity to oxytocin between young and older adults, with potential compensatory benefits in the elderly.
  • Co-activation pattern analysis is a valuable method for capturing neuromodulatory effects on brain dynamics.