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Cervical Cancer and Sexually Transmitted Infections Screening Among Individuals with a Substance Use Disorder: A

Kento Sonoda¹, Timothy Chrusciel², Sarah C Gebauer^1,2

¹Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Population Health Management

|March 25, 2026

Summary

Substance use disorders (SUDs) present a modest barrier to cervical cancer screening but are linked to increased sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening. Healthcare providers should address these disparities through multidisciplinary teams.

Keywords:

cancer screening test health care disparities pap smear sexually transmitted infection stigma substance use disorders

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Health Services Research

Background:

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are known barriers to preventive healthcare.
The impact of SUDs on cervical cancer and sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening rates remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between SUDs and screening rates for cervical cancer and STIs.
To identify specific SUDs that influence screening behaviors.

Main Methods:

Retrospective cohort study utilizing de-identified medical records from 315,748 women aged 31-59.
Logistic regression models analyzed the odds of cervical cancer and STI screening in individuals with SUDs versus those without.
Data collected from January 1, 2019, to 2024, controlling for relevant covariates.

Main Results:

Individuals with SUDs were less likely to undergo cervical cancer screening (OR=0.95).
Opioid and sedative use disorders showed significant associations with lower cervical cancer screening odds.
Conversely, individuals with SUDs were more likely to receive STI screening (OR=1.08).

Conclusions:

SUD diagnosis represents a modest barrier to cervical cancer screening.
SUDs are associated with increased rates of STI screening.
Multidisciplinary healthcare approaches are crucial for addressing screening disparities in individuals with SUDs.