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Related Concept Videos

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Updated: Mar 27, 2026

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Electron-Induced Molecular Programming Drives Interfacial Chemistry for Ah-Level Zinc Batteries.

Feifei Wang1,2, Yuhang Zhuang2, Jiwei Shi3

  • 1Max Planck Institute For Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), Germany.

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Summary

An electron-induced molecular programming strategy creates a stable interface for aqueous zinc batteries. This molecular lock enhances zinc plating and stripping, improving battery performance and longevity.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Solid-electrolyte interphases (SEIs) are crucial for stabilizing metal anodes in aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs).
  • Uncontrolled SEI formation leads to dissolution and parasitic reactions, limiting battery lifespan.
  • Current methods lack precise control over SEI composition and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a molecular programming strategy for in situ construction of a stable SEI on zinc anodes.
  • To enhance the performance and durability of aqueous zinc batteries through controlled interfacial engineering.
  • To investigate the mechanism of the molecular lock in stabilizing the SEI and facilitating ion transport.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing an electron-induced molecular programming strategy with 4-bromobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate (BDTF).
  • In situ construction of a Zn2+-favored molecular lock on a ZnF2-rich SEI surface.
  • Characterization of the ultrathin molecular-lock shell and its interaction with the underlying SEI.

Main Results:

  • Formation of an ultrathin (∼1 nm) molecular-lock shell atop a graded hybrid SEI.
  • The molecular lock stabilizes ZnF2, limits water access, and promotes Zn2+ transport via N-Zn coordination and Br-induced polarization.
  • Achieved 99.8% average Coulombic efficiency for Zn plating/stripping and stable cycling at 80% depth of discharge (10 mA cm-2).
  • Demonstrated broad cathode compatibility and stable cycling in full cells using vanadium, manganese, and iodine cathodes.
  • Ah-level pouch cells with high vanadium cathode loading delivered 1.2 Ah with 81% retention after 100 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • The electron-induced molecular programming strategy effectively creates a robust and functional SEI for AZBs.
  • The molecular lock significantly enhances Zn anode stability, reversibility, and overall battery performance.
  • This approach offers a promising pathway for developing high-performance and long-lasting aqueous zinc batteries, particularly for high-energy applications.