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Prevalence of Hip Joint Effusion in Children Diagnosed With Transient Synovitis in the Pediatric Emergency Department

Ayelet Shles1,2, Husam Tibi1,2, Nir Friedman1,2

  • 1Pediatric Emergency Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba.

Pediatric Emergency Care
|March 25, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Transient synovitis (TS) in children often involves hip effusion, found in 77% of cases. This hip joint effusion is linked to increased pain and tenderness in pediatric patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Transient synovitis (TS) is a common cause of acute hip pain and limping in children.
  • Hip joint effusion is frequently observed via ultrasonography (US) in TS cases.
  • Limited literature documents the precise prevalence of hip effusion in pediatric TS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of hip joint effusion in children diagnosed with TS in a pediatric emergency department (PED).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of pediatric patients diagnosed with TS between 2017 and 2021.
  • Inclusion criteria involved patients undergoing US examination as part of their TS evaluation.
  • Data analysis focused on identifying hip effusion and associated clinical findings.

Main Results:

  • Hip effusion was detected in 302 out of 392 children (77%) diagnosed with TS.
  • Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) was performed in 83% of cases by PED physicians.
  • Children with hip effusion exhibited higher pain scores, hip joint tenderness, and elevated CRP levels.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of hip joint effusion in children with TS presenting to the PED is 77%.
  • Increased pain levels and hip joint tenderness are associated with the presence of hip effusion.
  • Ultrasonography is a key diagnostic tool for identifying hip effusion in pediatric TS.
Abstract

Keywords:
hip joint effusionpediatric emergency department (PED)point of care ultrasound (POCUS)transient synovitis (TS)ultrasound (US)

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