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A Feasibility and Acceptability Study Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Evaluate Drug Use Patterns Among
Kimberly A Tyler1, Anika R Eisenbraun2, Patrick Habecker1
1Department of Sociology and Rural Drug Addiction Research Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
Journal of Drug Issues
|March 25, 2026
Summary
The Open Dynamic Interaction Network (ODIN) app effectively collects daily data from people who use drugs (PWUD). Most participants found the ODIN app easy to use, demonstrating its feasibility for research.
Area of Science:
- Digital Health
- Public Health
- Substance Use Research
Background:
- Collecting daily data from hard-to-reach populations, such as people who use drugs (PWUD), presents significant challenges.
- Traditional data collection methods may not capture the nuances of daily experiences relevant to substance use, stress, and social support.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the feasibility and usability of the Open Dynamic Interaction Network (ODIN) app for collecting fine-grained, daily data from PWUD in the Great Plains.
- To evaluate participant engagement and response rates using the ODIN app for ecological momentary assessment.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 100 participants (53% female) in the Great Plains used Android smartphones with the ODIN app installed for 30 days.
- Participants answered up to 22 daily questions regarding substance use, stress, and social support.
- Data collection occurred between Fall 2022 and Spring 2023.
Main Results:
- The mean overall daily response rate to ecological momentary assessment questions via the ODIN app was 82%.
- 82% of participants reported the ODIN app was "somewhat" or "very easy" to use.
- Graphical analysis indicated that response rates remained consistent until the third block of questions, suggesting sustained engagement.
Conclusions:
- The ODIN app is a feasible and user-friendly platform for collecting daily data from people who use drugs (PWUD).
- These findings have important methodological implications for researchers studying PWUD and other hard-to-reach populations.
- The ODIN app demonstrates potential for improving data collection in public health and substance use research.
