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From Preconception to Postnatal: Parental Risk Factors for Fetal-Infant Growth Faltering in LMICs-a Scoping Review

Mira Trisyani Koeryaman1, Laili Rahayuwati2, Sheizi Prista Sari2

  • 1Department of Maternity Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 45363, Indonesia.

Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare
|March 25, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Parental and environmental factors significantly impact fetal and infant growth. Addressing individual, community, and policy determinants is crucial for preventing growth faltering and improving child health outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Maternal and Child Health
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Fetal and infant growth faltering is a significant global health challenge, particularly in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs).
  • Understanding the complex interplay of parental and environmental risk factors is essential for effective intervention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and map the association between parental (maternal and paternal) risk factors and fetal-infant growth faltering.
  • To identify key determinants across preconception, pregnancy, and postnatal periods influencing growth disorders.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
  • Searched major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) for studies published between 2020-2025.
  • Included studies on fetal-infant growth faltering in LMICs, analyzing parental risk factors using thematic synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Seventeen studies were included, revealing multifaceted determinants of growth disorders.
  • Key factors identified include individual (maternal age, nutrition, health), environmental (sanitation, housing), community (poverty, inequality), and policy (antenatal care access).
  • These factors are shaped by broader social determinants of health.

Conclusions:

  • Fetal and infant growth are influenced by a complex interplay of behavioral, socioeconomic, and environmental factors.
  • These determinants significantly increase the risk of growth disorders.
  • Interventions must consider a holistic approach addressing individual, community, and policy levels.
Abstract

Keywords:
couplegrowth disorderhealth behaviourinfantreproductive ages

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