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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
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Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

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Divergent CD27 expression marks the Treg induction trajectory.

Chelsea Gootjes1, Maurits G Staal1, Diahann T S L Jansen1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Section Immunomodulation and Regenerative Cell Therapy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Immunology
|March 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CD27 expression identifies a specific population of induced regulatory T cells (Tregs) that are crucial for immune tolerance. This marker can help monitor the effectiveness of Treg-based therapies for autoimmune diseases.

Keywords:
CD27Treg developmentimmunotherapyinduced Tregstolerance induction

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Last Updated: Mar 27, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key to restoring immune tolerance and halting autoimmune disease progression.
  • Phenotypic changes during induced Treg development require further definition.
  • CD27 is a marker of potent naturally occurring Tregs and a prognostic indicator in cancer, where it's involved in immune suppression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate CD27 expression and other immune regulatory markers during the development of induced antigen-specific Tregs.
  • To compare the phenotypes of induced Tregs and effector T cells over time.

Main Methods:

  • Induced Tregs and effector T cells from naive CD4 T cells using tolerogenic (tolDCs) or pro-inflammatory dendritic cells (mDCs), respectively.
  • Phenotypic analysis using a panel of immune regulatory markers, including CD27.
  • Clustering analysis to identify distinct cell populations.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct clusters were identified, all expressing high CD27, differentiating induced Tregs from effector T cells.
  • Two Treg clusters exhibited a memory-like phenotype, expressing TIGIT, PD-1, and CD38.
  • CD27 expression increased during Treg differentiation but decreased in effector T cells.
  • CD27 and TIGIT expression on memory-like Tregs correlated with enhanced suppressive capacity in vitro.
  • In type 1 diabetes patients, increased Tregs expressing CD27 and TIGIT correlated with improved islet-specific immune regulation.

Conclusions:

  • A population of induced Tregs, both in vitro and in vivo, is characterized by elevated CD27 expression.
  • CD27 is a potential biomarker for monitoring the therapeutic efficacy of Treg induction in clinical trials for autoimmune diseases.