Association between dietary advanced glycation end products and sarcopenia: data from the National Health and...

To investigate the association between dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGE) and sarcopenia in USA adults. A total of 7590 participants aged 20-59 years were included in this study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. Dietary AGE intake was assessed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem MS-based AGE database combined with 24-h dietary recall. Sarcopenia was assessed by appendicular lean BMI (ALMI). Linear regression was used to examine the association between dAGE and ALMI. Logistic regression was adopted to examine the association between total and food-derived AGE with the prevalence of sarcopenia. The mediating role of bone mineral density (BMD) and serum 25 (OH) D₃ on the association between dAGE and ALMI was also explored. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 7·26 %. Compared with the low intake tertile (T1), the OR for sarcopenia among participants in the high tertile (T3) of dAGE, (1-carboxyethyl) lysine and Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine intake was 1·66 (95 % CI: 1·05, 2·64; P_trend = 0·031), 1·56 (95 % CI: 1·01, 2·40; P trend = 0·042) and 1·60 (95 % CI: 1·03, 2·48; P_trend = 0·033), respectively. Meat and baked foods derived AGE showed significant associations with the prevalence of sarcopenia. Mediation analysis demonstrated that 14·75% and 12·95 % of the association between dAGE and ALMI were mediated by the BMD and serum 25 (OH) D₃, respectively. In the USA adult population, dietary AGE were positively associated with sarcopenia, particularly in meat and baked foods, with BMD and serum 25 (OH) D₃ partially mediating this association.