Nanocatalytic regulation of age-related diseases

With the accelerating ageing of the global population, there is an urgent need to develop effective strategies for the management of age-related diseases. Despite the development and clinical application of numerous small-molecule drugs, their therapeutic efficacy is frequently hindered by challenges such as low bioavailability, off-target effects, and dose-limiting toxicity. Recently, nanocatalytic materials have emerged as a promising platform for regulating age-related diseases, with several notable advances reported. Nanocatalytic medicine presents unique opportunities to address the inherent limitations of conventional chemotherapy-based treatments. Owing to their adjustable catalytic activity, nanocatalysts can offer improved therapeutic outcomes while reducing adverse effects, thereby representing a safer and more effective alternative to traditional small-molecule therapies. In this minireview, we summarize recent progress in the nanocatalytic modulation of age-related diseases and elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which nanocatalytic medicines intervene in age-associated pathological processes. Future challenges and opportunities in this field are also discussed.