State of the Art and Future Perspectives of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Intensive and Non-Intensive Care...

The development of advanced diabetes technology, such as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, has permitted in outpatient setting to significantly improve metabolic control by reducing hypoglycemia, ameliorating glycated haemoglobin and reducing glycaemic variability. CGM has emerged as a promising tool to improve glycaemic control in hospitalised patients, potentially reducing the incidence of severe hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. The availability of real-time glucose data enables more informed clinical decision-making and facilitates prompt adjustments to therapeutic regimens, which is particularly valuable in a dynamic hospital environment. Despite these potential advantages, the implementation of CGM in general ward settings faces several barriers, including a lack of familiarity and experience among healthcare providers as well as the relatively high cost of CGM sensors and associated equipment. Further research is warranted to evaluate the feasibility, clinical benefits, cost-effectiveness, and potential limitations of CGM deployment in general hospital wards. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current implementation and future potential of CGM in non-Intensive Care Unit (non-ICU) and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) settings for adults with diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia.