Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

19.5K

Cost-Effectiveness of Continuous Glucose Monitoring With Remote Patient Monitoring in Pediatric Patients With Newly

Paul Dupenloup1, Yupeng Chen1, Priya Prahalad2,3

  • 1Department of Management Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.

Diabetes Care
|March 25, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with remote patient monitoring (RPM) is cost-effective for type 1 diabetes management. This approach improves health outcomes and reduces long-term complication costs compared to traditional blood glucose monitoring.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Health Economics
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and remote patient monitoring (RPM) are increasingly utilized in diabetes care.
  • Traditional self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) has limitations in providing comprehensive glycemic data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of CGM with RPM compared to SMBG and CGM alone for type 1 diabetes management.
  • To assess the impact on health outcomes, including diabetic ketoacidosis and chronic complications.

Main Methods:

  • A Markov model simulated type 1 diabetes progression in 5-year-old patients over various time horizons (20-year, 50-year, lifetime).
  • The study compared three interventions: SMBG, CGM, and CGM with RPM, analyzing quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and healthcare costs.
  • Efficacy estimates were based on pediatric CGM studies and the 4T Study, with sensitivity analyses performed.

Main Results:

  • CGM with RPM increased QALYs and healthcare costs compared to SMBG and CGM alone.
  • CGM with RPM demonstrated a lower incremental cost-effectiveness ratio ($27,400/QALY) compared to CGM alone ($103,700/QALY).
  • Results remained robust across sensitivity analyses and time horizons, indicating cost-effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • CGM with RPM offers superior health outcomes for newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients.
  • Despite initial higher costs, CGM with RPM is likely cost-effective, potentially leading to net healthcare savings by reducing complication costs.
Abstract

More Related Videos

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-1906:46

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

3.4K
Simple Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Freely Moving Mice03:25

Simple Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Freely Moving Mice

Published on: February 24, 2023

8.5K

Related Concept Videos

Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification01:16

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...