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Metastasis-Specific Biomarker SPP1 and its Characterization in Colorectal Cancer with HIV Infection.

Yuxue Gao1, Yuanyue Guan2, Pengxiang Yang3

  • 1Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.

Current HIV Research
|March 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) drives colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis and immune response, correlating with aggressive disease and poor prognosis. Its role in HIV-associated CRC warrants further investigation.

Keywords:
Colorectal cancerHIVHIV-related carcinomas.metastasissecreted phosphoprotein 1signet-ring cell carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) is upregulated in various cancers.
  • Its specific role in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) and expression in HIV-associated CRC remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of SPP1 in CRC metastasis and its prognostic value.
  • To examine SPP1 expression in HIV-positive versus HIV-negative CRC patients.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of transcriptomic data from GEO and TCGA databases.
  • Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, KEGG pathway analysis, and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA).
  • Immunohistochemical evaluation of SPP1 in 30 CRC specimens (15 HIV-positive, 15 HIV-negative).

Main Results:

  • SPP1 demonstrated a metastasis-specific expression pattern and correlated with increased immune cell infiltration and adverse clinicopathological features.
  • High SPP1 expression was linked to poor prognosis, advanced stage, and specific CRC subtypes.
  • While SPP1 pathways were enriched in HIV-1 infection, overall expression did not significantly differ between HIV-positive and HIV-negative CRC tissues, though specific cases showed distinct patterns.

Conclusions:

  • SPP1 is a key mediator of CRC metastasis and immune regulation, serving as a potential prognostic biomarker for aggressive disease and poor survival.
  • HIV status did not broadly impact SPP1 expression, but its specific role in certain HIV-associated carcinomas requires further study.