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Linking Photophobia, Sleep Disturbances, and Migraine Chronicity: Evidence From a Retrospective Analysis

Seden Demirci1, Ezgi Uludüz2, Sevim Eyüboğlu3

  • 1Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye.

Brain and Behavior
|March 25, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Interictal photophobia and sleep disturbances are key factors in chronic migraine (CM) development. Managing these symptoms may help prevent migraine progression from episodic to chronic forms.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Headache Medicine
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Interictal photophobia and sleep disturbances are prevalent in migraineurs.
  • Their role in the progression from episodic migraine (EM) to chronic migraine (CM) requires further investigation.
  • Understanding these symptom interplays is crucial for managing migraine chronicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association of ictal and interictal photophobia and sleep disturbances with chronic migraine (CM).
  • To identify predictors of CM and explore symptom interconnections in EM and CM patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 500 migraine patients classified as EM or CM.
  • Data collection included photophobia, sleep disturbances, and clinical characteristics.
  • Logistic regression and network analyses were employed to identify predictors and symptom associations.

Main Results:

  • Among 500 patients, 189 had CM. Severe interictal photophobia was reported by 61.0%, and 44.9% experienced sleep difficulties.
  • Medication overuse (OR: 5.007) and aura (OR: 0.226) were significant predictors of CM.
  • Network analysis showed stronger links between interictal photophobia, daytime sleepiness, and medication overuse in CM patients.

Conclusions:

  • Interictal photophobia and sleep disturbances are significant contributors to migraine chronicity.
  • Management of these symptoms may be a viable strategy to mitigate migraine progression.
  • Further research into targeted interventions for CM is warranted.
Keywords:
chronic migrainemedication overusemigrainenetwork analysisphotophobiasleep disturbances

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