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Molecular characteristics of apolipoprotein M and its biological functions in kidney diseases

Jingjin Tao1,2, Yuan Tan3, Shuo Yang2

  • 1Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
|March 25, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Apolipoprotein M (apoM), a protein in HDL, is crucial for kidney health. This review explores apoM-S1P complex roles in kidney diseases like CKD and diabetic nephropathy, offering new diagnostic and treatment insights.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Biochemistry
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is mainly found in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and secreted by the liver and kidneys.
  • ApoM carries sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), forming the apoM-S1P complex that influences physiological and pathological processes.
  • While extensively studied in cardiovascular diseases, apoM's role in kidney diseases is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of the apoM-S1P axis in various kidney conditions.
  • To highlight apoM's significance beyond cardiovascular health, focusing on renal implications.
  • To provide novel perspectives for diagnosing and treating kidney diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on apolipoprotein M and kidney diseases.
  • Analysis of the apoM-S1P complex's involvement in renal pathophysiology.
  • Synthesis of current research on apoM in chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury, glomerular diseases, and renal cell carcinoma.

Main Results:

  • Apolipoprotein M plays a significant role in maintaining kidney health.
  • The apoM-S1P complex is implicated in the progression of diverse kidney pathologies.
  • Emerging evidence suggests apoM's potential as a biomarker or therapeutic target in nephrology.

Conclusions:

  • The apoM-S1P axis is a critical factor in kidney disease pathogenesis.
  • Further research into apoM's renal functions could lead to innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • This review underscores the importance of considering apoM in the context of kidney health and disease.
Keywords:
Apolipoproteins MKidney diseaseSphingosine-1-phosphate

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