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Indranil Ghosh1, Ditipriya Mallick1, Ankita Sen2

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Cell migration speed is regulated by switching between blebbing and lamellipodia protrusions, controlled by nonmuscle myosin II (NM II). This switching mechanism, along with integrin-mediated adhesion, fine-tunes cell movement strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cell migration is crucial for development and disease, involving dynamic membrane protrusions like blebs and lamellipodia.
  • The mechanisms governing the switching between these protrusion types and their impact on migration speed remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of nonmuscle myosin II (NM II) in regulating the conversion between blebbing and lamellipodia.
  • To determine how this protrusion switching affects cell migration speed across different cell types and substrates.
  • To elucidate the relationship between cell adhesion, membrane protrusions, and migratory behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized various cell types including cancerous cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and T-lymphocytes.
  • Manipulated nonmuscle myosin II (NM II) activity to induce blebbing to lamellipodia conversion (BLC) and lamellipodia to blebbing conversion (LBC).
  • Assessed cell migration speed on different substrates (Collagen I, poly-L-lysine, uncoated) and after integrinβ1 knockdown.

Main Results:

  • NM II-mediated BLC increased migration speed, while LBC decreased it in diverse cell types.
  • Lamellipodia-possessing cells exhibited larger and more numerous focal adhesions than blebbing cells, indicating stronger adhesion.
  • Cells on Collagen I showed faster BLC and migration compared to uncoated surfaces; integrinβ1 knockdown delayed protrusion conversion and reduced migration.

Conclusions:

  • Cells dynamically regulate migration strategies through NM II-controlled protrusion switching.
  • Integrin-dependent adhesion strength plays a significant role in modulating cell migration via membrane protrusion dynamics.