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Cardiovascular risk and cognitive performance: A population-based cross-sectional study (NEDICES2-RISK).

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Higher cardiovascular risk (CVR) is linked to poorer cognitive function in Spanish adults aged 55-75. Memory, attention, and psychomotor speed were most impacted, highlighting the importance of managing CVR for brain health.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors are known to increase the likelihood of cognitive impairment.
  • Understanding the relationship between CVR and cognitive performance is crucial for preventative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between cardiovascular risk and cognitive performance stratified by sex within the Spanish population.
  • To identify specific cognitive domains affected by CVR in different sexes.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of the population-based NEDICES-2 cohort, including 863 participants aged 55-75 without prior cardiovascular events.
  • Cardiovascular risk was estimated using the REGICOR and FRESCO equations.
  • Cognitive performance was evaluated across multiple domains including memory, attention, and psychomotor speed using generalized linear models.

Main Results:

  • Higher CVR was associated with worse cognitive outcomes in both sexes.
  • Women with higher CVR (FRESCO) showed significantly poorer performance in immediate and delayed memory, clock drawing, and psychomotor speed tests.
  • Men with higher CVR (REGICOR and FRESCO) exhibited lower scores in cognitive tests including memory, word accentuation, and psychomotor speed.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated cardiovascular risk is significantly associated with diminished cognitive performance in Spanish adults aged 55-75.
  • Memory, attention, and psychomotor speed represent the cognitive domains most adversely affected by higher CVR.
  • These findings underscore the importance of cardiovascular health management for preserving cognitive function across sexes.