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Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Assessing the Multiple Dimensions of Engagement to Characterize Learning: A Neurophysiological Perspective
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The Music Engagement Scale: An Instrument to Measure Engagement in Music Making.

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Summary

The Music Engagement Scale (MES) effectively measures music engagement in music therapy, showing sensitivity to change across sessions. Inter-rater reliability was good, especially when engagement levels stabilized, supporting its clinical use.

Keywords:
Nordoff-Robbinsengagementmusic therapypsychometricsreliability

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Area of Science:

  • Music Therapy
  • Psychometrics
  • Clinical Assessment

Background:

  • Music engagement is crucial in music therapy but lacks a standardized measurement tool.
  • The Music Engagement Scale (MES) is a single-item measure designed to assess music engagement.
  • Existing measures may not be feasible for real-time clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the sensitivity to change of the MES.
  • To assess the inter-rater reliability of the MES.
  • To determine the feasibility of the MES in Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy (NRMT).

Main Methods:

  • A convenience sample of 20 clients undergoing NRMT participated.
  • Three independent raters assessed MES scores across the 1st, 8th, and 15th sessions.
  • Clients were primarily autistic children, with ages ranging from 1 to 69 years.

Main Results:

  • The MES demonstrated sensitivity to changes in music engagement over therapy sessions.
  • Acceptable-to-strong inter-rater reliability was observed at the initial and final assessment points.
  • Reliability was lower at the midpoint, suggesting potential variability during treatment progression.

Conclusions:

  • The MES is a viable tool for tracking music engagement changes in music therapy.
  • Inter-rater reliability of the MES may improve as music engagement patterns stabilize.
  • The MES can be utilized in future research to explore its role as a moderator or mediator in music therapy outcomes.