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Area of Science:

  • Space Physics
  • Cosmic Ray Physics
  • Planetary Science

Background:

  • Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are high-energy particles originating from outside the solar system.
  • Previous assumptions suggested uniform GCR distribution across the Earth-Moon distance.
  • Understanding GCR flux is critical for space exploration safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatial distribution of GCRs in the vicinity of the Moon.
  • To determine if Earth's magnetic field influences GCR flux at lunar distances.
  • To identify potential radiation shielding regions for future space missions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the Lunar Lander Neutron and Dosimetry (LND) experiment on the Chang'E-4 lander.
  • Investigating GCR flux variations in different sectors of the lunar orbit.
  • Modeling the interaction of Earth's magnetic field with GCR propagation.

Main Results:

  • A significant reduction in GCR flux was observed in the prenoon sector of the lunar orbit.
  • Evidence suggests the formation of an energetic particle cavity caused by Earth's magnetic field.
  • The Earth's magnetic field extends its influence on particle propagation beyond the Moon's orbit.

Conclusions:

  • GCR distribution is not uniform and is influenced by Earth's magnetosphere.
  • An energetic particle cavity exists, shielding the near-Moon environment from GCRs.
  • This discovery has implications for radiation safety in lunar and deep-space exploration.