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Related Concept Videos

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

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Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
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Tissue-Drug Binding: Localization of Drugs and its Significance

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Body tissues, comprising approximately 40% of the body weight, are crucial in drug distribution and localization. These tissues can serve as drug storage sites, competing with plasma binding sites for drug molecules.
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Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

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Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
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Transdermal Estradiol Patches in Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer.

Ruth E Langley1, Duncan C Gilbert1, Stephen Mangar2

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The New England Journal of Medicine
|March 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transdermal estradiol (tE2) is a viable alternative to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists for prostate cancer treatment. This study found tE2 noninferior to LHRH agonists in metastasis-free survival, offering a comparable option with a different side effect profile.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is crucial for prostate cancer management.
  • Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists are standard ADT, but can cause side effects.
  • Transdermal estradiol (tE2) offers an alternative ADT with a potentially improved side effect profile.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy and safety of transdermal estradiol (tE2) versus LHRH agonists for androgen-deprivation therapy in prostate cancer.
  • To establish noninferiority of tE2 compared to LHRH agonists regarding metastasis-free survival.
  • To evaluate secondary outcomes including testosterone suppression, overall survival, and adverse events.

Main Methods:

  • Phase 3, randomized, noninferiority trial involving men with locally advanced prostate cancer.
  • Patients were assigned to receive either tE2 patches or LHRH agonists.
  • Primary endpoint was 3-year metastasis-free survival; secondary endpoints included testosterone levels, overall survival, and safety.

Main Results:

  • Transdermal estradiol (tE2) demonstrated noninferiority to LHRH agonists for 3-year metastasis-free survival (87.1% vs. 85.9%, HR 0.96, upper 95% CI 1.11).
  • Both treatments effectively achieved and sustained castrate testosterone levels in 85% of patients during the first year.
  • tE2 showed a significantly lower incidence of hot flashes (44% vs. 89%) but a higher incidence of gynecomastia (85% vs. 42%) compared to LHRH agonists.

Conclusions:

  • Transdermal estradiol (tE2) is a noninferior alternative to LHRH agonists for androgen-deprivation therapy in locally advanced prostate cancer.
  • tE2 offers a favorable side effect profile with fewer hot flashes, though gynecomastia is more common.
  • The findings support tE2 as a valuable treatment option for prostate cancer patients requiring ADT.