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Evolution at the speed of fermentation.

Jens C Frisvad1, Jan Lehmbeck2, Javier Sáez-Sáez2

  • 1Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 223, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.

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|March 25, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Precision fermentation can make food production affordable using engineered microbes like Aspergillus oryzae to produce high-yield proteins. Mimicking natural domestication accelerates this process for cost-effective, nutritious food alternatives.

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Area of Science:

  • Industrial biotechnology
  • Food science
  • Microbial engineering

Background:

  • Precision fermentation aims to revolutionize food production by achieving cost parity with traditional methods.
  • High protein titers are essential for food proteins, necessitating advanced strain optimization.
  • Aspergillus oryzae is a well-established host for expressing proteins like beta-lactoglobulin (BLG).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize Aspergillus oryzae strains for high-level expression of food proteins, specifically beta-lactoglobulin (BLG).
  • To explore and apply principles of microbial domestication to accelerate strain improvement in precision fermentation.
  • To discuss the challenges and advances in scaling precision fermentation for affordable protein production.

Main Methods:

  • Rational strain engineering and adaptive laboratory evolution were employed to enhance protein titers.
  • Historical domestication processes of Aspergillus oryzae were studied for insights into strain improvement.
  • Beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) expression levels were monitored and optimized.

Main Results:

  • Strain optimization strategies, inspired by natural domestication, significantly improved protein yields.
  • Demonstrated the potential for Aspergillus oryzae to reach high titers for food protein production.
  • Highlighted similarities between historical selection and modern genetic engineering approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Mimicking natural domestication principles can expedite strain development for precision fermentation.
  • Industrial biotechnology, exemplified by BLG production, is approaching cost parity with conventional dairy.
  • Engineered evolution offers a pathway to scalable, affordable, and nutritious protein sources.