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Micrometer-Scale Biomechanical Characterization of Oral Mucosa Using Spatial Phase-Gradient Tracking Optical

Sweta Satpathy1, Arpita Rai2, Priya Shree3

  • 1Biophotonics Lab, Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.

Journal of Biophotonics
|March 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new optical coherence elastography system non-invasively measures oral tissue stiffness. It accurately distinguishes healthy, cancerous, and pre-cancerous tissues, showing potential for early oral cancer detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Oral cancer diagnosis relies on invasive biopsies.
  • Quantitative biomechanical assessment of oral tissues is lacking.
  • Non-invasive methods are needed for early detection and characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a high-speed optical coherence elastography (OCE) system.
  • To quantitatively assess oral tissue biomechanics non-invasively.
  • To evaluate the system's potential for early oral cancer diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Custom-built, high-speed OCE system integrating low-frequency air-driven elastic wave excitation.
  • Phase-resolved optical coherence tomography (OCT) for micrometer-scale elasticity mapping.
  • Pilot study on human buccal mucosa (healthy, cancerous, leukoplakia).

Main Results:

  • Distinct biomechanical contrasts were observed between healthy, cancerous, and leukoplakia tissues.
  • Cancerous tissues showed significantly increased stiffness (9.51 ± 0.95 Pa) compared to healthy tissues (2.72 ± 0.27 Pa).
  • Elastograms visualized tissue microstructural changes associated with pathology.

Conclusions:

  • The developed OCE system provides non-contact, repeatable, and sensitive elastographic measurements.
  • The system can detect subtle mechanical changes indicative of oral pathologies.
  • This technology holds promise for early oral cancer diagnosis and soft tissue characterization.