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The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Related Experiment Video

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Parenteral iron-Does it increase infection risk?

Joyisa Deb1, Aswin K Mohan2, Suhasini Sil3

  • 1Department of Transfusion Medicine & Blood Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, India.

Vox Sanguinis
|March 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Intravenous (IV) iron therapy effectively treats iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) but its infection risk is debated. Current evidence suggests IV iron does not significantly increase infection risk, especially newer formulations.

Keywords:
infection riskintravenous ironiron deficiencysepsis

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) are common, affecting diverse patient groups.
  • Patient blood management (PBM) increasingly utilizes intravenous (IV) iron, raising questions about infection risk.
  • This review examines the link between parenteral iron therapy and infection risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the relationship between parenteral iron therapy and infection risk.
  • To assess various IV iron formulations, their benefits, safety, and infection-related complications.
  • To analyze the impact of IV iron on infection risk across different clinical settings.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and CINAHL (2014-2024).
  • Relevant observational studies and clinical trials investigating IV iron formulations and infection risk were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • IV iron therapy effectively raises hemoglobin and reduces transfusion needs.
  • Evidence suggests IV iron does not significantly elevate infection risk in cardiovascular, renal, antenatal, or surgical patients.
  • Older formulations and high-dose IV iron may increase susceptibility due to non-transferrin-bound iron; newer formulations show a better safety profile.

Conclusions:

  • IV iron is crucial for ID management, but patient-specific factors influencing infection risk require consideration.
  • Further research is necessary to differentiate infection risks among IV iron types and patient groups.
  • Personalized IV iron administration can maximize benefits and minimize adverse events.