[Evolution of diagnosis and treatment strategies for Oddi's sphincter dysfunction: an analysis of basic and clinical...

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) can lead to increased intra-biliary-pancreatic duct pressure,manifesting as persistent biliary pain or recurrent pancreatitis. Currently,the diagnosis and treatment of SOD still face numerous challenges. Previously,the method of guiding endoscopic sphincterotomy based on the results of sphincter of Oddi manometry was only effective for some patients with modified Milwaukee type Ⅱ SOD,and it was associated with multiple complications,raising concerns about its safety. The main reason for this is the complex pathophysiology of SOD. Research on SOD has mainly focused on biliary manometry,and the evidence is mostly derived from early animal experiments. Therefore,further real-world research related to SOD should be strengthened to explore the overall regulatory mechanisms of sphincter of Oddi involving the gastrointestinal tract,biliary-pancreatic system,nervous system,and hormone endocrine system. Additionally,clinical collaboration across specialties such as endoscopy,imaging,nuclear medicine,and digestive surgery should be enhanced,with the aim of finding more convenient,safe,and minimally invasive methods for the diagnosis and treatment of SOD.