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RanBP2-dependent annulate lamellae drive nuclear pore assembly and nuclear expansion.

Junyan Lin1,2,3,4, Arantxa Agote-Aran1,2,3,4,5, Yongrong Liao1,2,3,4

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Annulate lamellae (AL) store pre-assembled nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) in somatic cells. This pathway contributes to nuclear envelope formation and expansion, revealing a novel NPC biogenesis mechanism.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) regulate transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
  • Annulate lamellae (AL), ER-associated membrane structures, contain NPCs but their function and biogenesis are poorly understood.
  • Previously thought to exist only in specific cell types, AL are identified in somatic mammalian cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the function and biogenesis of annulate lamellae (AL) in mammalian cells.
  • To investigate the role of AL in nuclear pore complex (NPC) assembly and nuclear envelope formation.
  • To identify key proteins involved in AL biogenesis and NPC targeting.

Main Methods:

  • Immunofluorescence microscopy to visualize AL and NPCs.
  • Cellular fractionation and biochemical assays.
  • Genetic manipulation to study the roles of RanBP2 and Climp63.

Main Results:

  • Annulate lamellae (AL) in somatic cells store pre-assembled NPCs (AL-NPCs) under normal conditions.
  • AL contribute to approximately one-third of new nuclear pore formation, supporting nuclear expansion during the G1 phase.
  • Pathological stimuli disrupt AL to nuclear envelope (NE) transfer, causing cytoplasmic accumulation.
  • RanBP2 is crucial for AL-NPC scaffold assembly, while Climp63 mediates AL-NPC targeting to ER sheets and the NE.

Conclusions:

  • Annulate lamellae (AL) represent a distinct pathway for nuclear pore complex (NPC) biogenesis, complementary to canonical routes.
  • AL biogenesis and function are regulated by specific proteins like RanBP2 and Climp63.
  • This study reveals the nuclear function of AL as a key organelle for nuclear envelope maintenance and expansion.